Florida — 23rd congressional district

9 candidates have filed

Everyone below has an active candidate registration with the Federal Election Commission for this seat. That is not the ballot. Most of these names will not survive a primary, ballot access is decided state by state, and people qualify for a ballot without an FEC filing and file with the FEC without ever qualifying.

Some of the registrations below are marked as not yet having reported raising or spending $5,000. That is the threshold at which the FEC calls someone a statutory candidate, and it is about money and nothing else — a campaign announced last month sits below it until its first report is due. It is noted because their money sections are empty for that reason and not because they raised nothing.

The money under each name is receipts into that candidate's own campaign committee for the 2025–2026 cycle, as the FEC reports them. It is not every dollar spent to elect them: leadership PACs, party committees and independent expenditures all sit outside it, and in a contested seat the outside money can exceed everything shown here. Money is not a position. Nobody's place on the Democratic–Republican scale comes from it — that is counted from roll-call votes and nothing else.

• Lois Frankel

  Democratic

  Filed as an incumbent · first filed 1991-07-12 · FEC filing

  Where their votes land

  Each scale runs between the two parties. The left end is the side most Democrats took on a set of hand-picked roll-call votes, the right end the side most Republicans took, and Lois Frankel's marker sits at the share of those votes they cast on the Republican side. Votes that most of both parties agreed on are left out, because they cannot show which side anyone was on.

  Overall

  average of 6 values

  Democratic side0 · Voted with Democrats almost every timeRepublican side

  • Average House Democrat: 2
  • Average House Republican: 98

  0 is the Democratic side of every party-split vote and 100 the Republican side of every one. This is the average of the 6 value positions below that rest on 4 or more votes, each counted once however many votes stand behind it; 4 values below have fewer than 4 votes and are drawn but not counted in it, and 2 values have no votes from Lois Frankel at all.

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  • War powers

    9 of 9 votes
    Requiring Congress to authorise military force9 of 9 with DemocratsLeaving the deployment decision with the President

  • Clean air, water and public land

    8 of 9 votes
    Stronger limits on pollution and development8 of 8 with DemocratsFewer federal restrictions on land and industry

    Did not vote on one further party-split vote on this value, which is not counted either way.

  • Civil rights and discrimination

    5 of 5 votes
    Broader federal anti-discrimination protection5 of 5 with DemocratsNarrower federal rules, more left to states

  • Consumer financial protection

    4 of 4 votes
    Stronger federal protection for borrowers4 of 4 with DemocratsLighter regulation of banks and lenders

  • Guns

    4 of 4 votes
    Tighter limits on firearms4 of 4 with DemocratsFewer restrictions on lawful gun owners

  • Immigration

    4 of 4 votes
    More legal protection and processing capacity4 of 4 with DemocratsStricter enforcement and less federal benefit access

  • Climate and clean energy

    3 of 6 votes
    Cutting greenhouse-gas emissions faster3 of 3 with DemocratsCheaper energy now and fewer federal mandates

    Only 3 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.

    Did not vote on 3 further party-split votes on this value, which is not counted either way.

  • Reproductive health care

    3 of 3 votes
    Protecting access to abortion, contraception and IVF3 of 3 with DemocratsRestricting abortion and the funding behind it

    Only 3 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.

  • Workers, wages and care

    3 of 3 votes
    Stronger bargaining rights and higher wage floors3 of 3 with DemocratsMore employer flexibility and lower labour costs

    Only 3 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.

  • Voting and elections

    2 of 2 votes
    Wider access to the ballot2 of 2 with DemocratsTighter eligibility and identity checks

    Only 2 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.

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  Positions count only the votes this person cast, so two people can be placed on different numbers of votes — the count beside each value says how many. How the votes were chosen, and how each party's side is counted.

  $2.3M raised by Lois Frankel's campaign through July 29, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors21.5%$490k
  • Large individual donors51.4%$1.2M
  • PACs23.1%$525k
  • Other and unclassified4.0%$91k

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  Who gave to them

• Mark Piper

  Democratic

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2024-04-17 · FEC filing

  Registered with the FEC; has not yet reported raising or spending $5,000.

  No congressional voting record. Mark Piper has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  No report filed with the FEC for this cycle yet, so there is no money to show.

• Victoria Jane Boker Doyle

  Democratic

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2025-05-23 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Victoria Jane Boker Doyle has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $484k raised by Victoria Jane Boker Doyle's campaign through July 29, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors17.3%$83k
  • Large individual donors15.2%$74k
  • Self-funded67.2%$325k
  • Other and unclassified0.3%$1k

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  Who gave to them

• Darlene Cerezo Swaffar

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2019-09-24 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Darlene Cerezo Swaffar has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $6k raised by Darlene Cerezo Swaffar's campaign through July 22, 2025 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors28.8%$2k
  • Large individual donors44.0%$3k
  • Self-funded27.2%$2k

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  Where their money came from

• Deborah Adeimy

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2021-10-14 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Deborah Adeimy has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $163k raised by Deborah Adeimy's campaign through July 29, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors4.3%$7k
  • Large individual donors41.5%$67k
  • Self-funded53.5%$87k
  • Other and unclassified0.7%$1k

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  Who gave to them

• Jared Gurfein

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2025-07-01 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Jared Gurfein has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $28k raised by Jared Gurfein's campaign through June 30, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors2.9%$818
  • Large individual donors96.8%$27k
  • Party committees<0.1%$1
  • Other and unclassified0.3%$90

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  Where their money came from

• Paola Branda

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2026-03-26 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Paola Branda has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $26k raised by Paola Branda's campaign through July 29, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors2.2%$562
  • Large individual donors8.8%$2k
  • Self-funded5.1%$1k
  • Other and unclassified83.9%$22k

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  Where their money came from

• Rafael Arturo Ortiz

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2023-09-06 · FEC filing

  Registered with the FEC; has not yet reported raising or spending $5,000.

  No congressional voting record. Rafael Arturo Ortiz has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  No report filed with the FEC for this cycle yet, so there is no money to show.

• Sendra Dorce

  Republican

  Filed as a challenger · first filed 2025-08-05 · FEC filing

  No congressional voting record. Sendra Dorce has not served in the US House or Senate, so there are no roll-call votes to measure and nothing to place on the Democratic–Republican scale.

  $10k raised by Sendra Dorce's campaign through June 30, 2026 · FEC filing

  • Small individual donors7.6%$796
  • Large individual donors73.1%$8k
  • Self-funded19.0%$2k
  • Other and unclassified0.2%$25

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  Where their money came from