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15 U.S.C. § 3712

Personnel exchanges

United States · Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE · Status: effective

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15 U.S.C. § 3712, Personnel exchanges, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/441847
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Full text

The Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation, jointly, shall establish a program to foster the exchange of scientific and technical personnel among academia, industry, and Federal laboratories. Such program shall include both (1) federally supported exchanges and (2) efforts to stimulate exchanges without Federal funding.

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.

  • Enacted byPub. L. 96-480(S. 1250)1980-10-21
    Stevenson Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 99-502(H.R. 3773)1986-10-20
    Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 100-107(H.R. 812)1987-08-20
    Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 100-418(H.R. 4848)1988-08-23
    Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 102-240(H.R. 2950)1991-12-18
    Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
    House: 372–47Senate: 79–8
  • Amended byPub. L. 109-58(H.R. 6)2005-08-08
    Energy Policy Act of 2005
    House: 275–156Senate: 74–26