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18 U.S.C. § 207

Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches

United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective

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18 U.S.C. § 207, Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/448718
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Any person who is an officer or employee (including any special Government employee) of the executive branch of the United States (including any independent agency of the United States), or of the District of Columbia, and who, after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia) in connection with a particular matter— Any person subject to the restrictions contained in paragraph (1) who, within 2 years after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia), in connection with a particular matter— The restrictions contained in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply— For purposes of this paragraph— Paragraph (1) shall apply to a person (other than a person subject to the restrictions of subsection (d))— At the request of a department or agency, the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may waive the restrictions contained in paragraph (1) with respect to any position, or category of positions, referred to in clause (ii) or (iv) of subparagraph (A), in such department or agency if the Director determines that— In addition to the restrictions set forth in subsections (a) and (b), any person who— The persons referred to in paragraph (1) with respect to appearances or communications by a person in a position described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) are— The persons referred to in subparagraph (A) with respect to appearances or communications by a person who is a former employee are the following: As used in this subsection— Any person who is subject to the restrictions contained in subsection (c), (d), or (e) and who knowingly, within 1 year after leaving the position, office, or employment referred to in such subsection— For purposes of this section— the term “officer or employee”, when used to describe the person to whom a communication is made or before whom an appearance is made, with the intent to influence, shall include— The restrictions contained in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to acts done in carrying out official duties as an employee of— Nothing in this section shall prevent an individual from giving testimony under oath, or from making statements required to be made under penalty of perjury. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence— Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to— a communication or appearance made by a person who is subject to the restrictions contained in subsections 22 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”. (c), (d), or (e) if, at the time of the communication or appearance, the person is employed by a person or entity other than— For purposes of this paragraph— A certification under paragraph (1) shall take effect upon its publication in the Federal Register and shall identify—

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone. The law that originally enacted this section predates the public laws loaded here, so only later amendments are listed.

  • Amended byPub. L. 95-521(S. 555)1978-10-26
    Ethics in Government Act of 1978
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 96-28(S. 869)1979-06-22
    A bill to amend section 207 of title 18, United States Code.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-189(H.R. 2461)1989-11-29
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991
    House: no recorded tallySenate: 91–8
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-194(H.R. 3660)1989-11-30
    Ethics Reform Act of 1989
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-280(H.J.Res. 553)1990-05-04
    To make technical changes in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-509(H.R. 5241)1990-11-05
    Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991
  • Amended byPub. L. 102-25(S. 725)1991-04-06
    Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991
    House: 396–4Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 102-190(H.R. 2100)1991-12-05
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993
  • Amended byPub. L. 102-395(H.R. 5678)1992-10-06
    Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993
  • Amended byPub. L. 103-322(H.R. 3355)1994-09-13
    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-65(S. 1060)1995-12-19
    Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
    House: no recorded tallySenate: 98–0
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-179(H.R. 3235)1996-08-06
    Office of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 1996
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-208(H.R. 3610)1996-09-30
    Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997
  • Amended byPub. L. 105-244(H.R. 6)1998-10-07
    Higher Education Amendments of 1998
  • Amended byPub. L. 107-347(H.R. 2458)2002-12-17
    E-Government Act of 2002
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 108-136(H.R. 1588)2003-11-24
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
  • Amended byPub. L. 108-271(H.R. 2751)2004-07-07
    GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004
    House: 382–43Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-81(S. 1)2007-09-14
    Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007
  • Amended byPub. L. 111-148(H.R. 3590)2010-03-23
    Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
  • Amended byPub. L. 113-235(H.R. 83)2014-12-16
    Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015
    House: 219–206Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 115-123(H.R. 1892)2018-02-09
    Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018
    House: 240–186Senate: no recorded tally