18 U.S.C. § 207
Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches
United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective
Cite this
- Citation
- 18 U.S.C. § 207, Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/448718
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Full text
Any person who is an officer or employee (including any special Government employee) of the executive branch of the United States (including any independent agency of the United States), or of the District of Columbia, and who, after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia) in connection with a particular matter—
Any person subject to the restrictions contained in paragraph (1) who, within 2 years after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia), in connection with a particular matter—
The restrictions contained in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply—
For purposes of this paragraph—
Paragraph (1) shall apply to a person (other than a person subject to the restrictions of subsection (d))—
At the request of a department or agency, the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may waive the restrictions contained in paragraph (1) with respect to any position, or category of positions, referred to in clause (ii) or (iv) of subparagraph (A), in such department or agency if the Director determines that—
In addition to the restrictions set forth in subsections (a) and (b), any person who—
The persons referred to in paragraph (1) with respect to appearances or communications by a person in a position described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) are—
The persons referred to in subparagraph (A) with respect to appearances or communications by a person who is a former employee are the following:
As used in this subsection—
Any person who is subject to the restrictions contained in subsection (c), (d), or (e) and who knowingly, within 1 year after leaving the position, office, or employment referred to in such subsection—
For purposes of this section—
the term “officer or employee”, when used to describe the person to whom a communication is made or before whom an appearance is made, with the intent to influence, shall include—
The restrictions contained in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to acts done in carrying out official duties as an employee of—
Nothing in this section shall prevent an individual from giving testimony under oath, or from making statements required to be made under penalty of perjury. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence—
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to—
a communication or appearance made by a person who is subject to the restrictions contained in subsections 22 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”. (c), (d), or (e) if, at the time of the communication or appearance, the person is employed by a person or entity other than—
For purposes of this paragraph—
A certification under paragraph (1) shall take effect upon its publication in the Federal Register and shall identify—
Legislative history
The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone. The law that originally enacted this section predates the public laws loaded here, so only later amendments are listed.
- Ethics in Government Act of 1978House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- A bill to amend section 207 of title 18, United States Code.House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991House: no recorded tallySenate: 91–8
- Ethics Reform Act of 1989House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- To make technical changes in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989.House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991
- Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991House: 396–4Senate: no recorded tally
- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993
- Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993
- Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
- Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995House: no recorded tallySenate: 98–0
- Office of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 1996House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997
- Higher Education Amendments of 1998
- E-Government Act of 2002House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
- GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004House: 382–43Senate: no recorded tally
- Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015House: 219–206Senate: no recorded tally
- Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018House: 240–186Senate: no recorded tally