18 U.S.C. § 1028
Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information
United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective
Cite this
- Citation
- 18 U.S.C. § 1028, Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/449092
- Permanent ID
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Full text
Whoever, in a circumstance described in subsection (c) of this section—
The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) of this section is—
except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 15 years, or both, if the offense is—
the production or transfer of an identification document, authentication feature, or false identification document that is or appears to be—
except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, if the offense is—
a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both, if the offense is committed—
The circumstance referred to in subsection (a) of this section is that—
either—
In this section and section 1028A—
the term “false identification document” means a document of a type intended or commonly accepted for the purposes of identification of individuals that—
the term “false authentication feature” means an authentication feature that—
the term “issuing authority”—
the term “means of identification” means any name or number that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual, including any—
the term “traffic” means—
Legislative history
The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.
- False Identification Crime Control Act of 1982House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Criminal Law and Procedure Technical Amendments Act of 1986House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Crime Control Act of 1990House: 313–1Senate: no recorded tally
- Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
- Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997
- Economic Espionage Act of 1996House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Internet False Identification Prevention Act of 2000House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- PROTECT Act
- Identity Theft Penalty Enhancement ActHouse: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
- Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005
- USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005