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18 U.S.C. § 1030

Fraud and related activity in connection with computers

United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective

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18 U.S.C. § 1030, Fraud and related activity in connection with computers, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/449095
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Full text

Whoever— intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized access, and thereby obtains— knowingly and with intent to defraud traffics (as defined in section 1029) in any password or similar information through which a computer may be accessed without authorization, if— with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any— The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or (b) of this section is— a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(2), or an attempt to commit an offense punishable under this subparagraph, if— except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, in the case of— an offense under subsection (a)(5)(B), which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under this section, if the offense caused (or, in the case of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have caused)— except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, in the case of— except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both, in the case of— a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, in the case of— a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both, for— As used in this section— the term “protected computer” means a computer— that— the term “financial institution” means— The court, in imposing sentence on any person convicted of a violation of this section, or convicted of conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any provision of State law, that such person forfeit to the United States— For purposes of subsection (i), the following shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States and no property right shall exist in them:

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.

  • Enacted byPub. L. 98-473(H.J.Res. 648)1984-10-12
    A joint resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 99-474(H.R. 4718)1986-10-16
    Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 100-690(H.R. 5210)1988-11-18
    Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-73(H.R. 1278)1989-08-09
    Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-647(S. 3266)1990-11-29
    Crime Control Act of 1990
    House: 313–1Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 103-322(H.R. 3355)1994-09-13
    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-294(H.R. 3723)1996-10-11
    Economic Espionage Act of 1996
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 107-56(H.R. 3162)2001-10-26
    Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
  • Amended byPub. L. 107-273(H.R. 2215)2002-11-02
    21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act
    House: 400–4Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 107-296(H.R. 5005)2002-11-25
    Homeland Security Act of 2002
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-326(H.R. 5938)2008-09-26
    Former Vice President Protection Act of 2008
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 115-278(H.R. 3359)2018-11-16
    Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 116-179(S. 1321)2020-10-20
    Defending the Integrity of Voting Systems Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally