18 U.S.C. § 1030
Fraud and related activity in connection with computers
United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective
Cite this
- Citation
- 18 U.S.C. § 1030, Fraud and related activity in connection with computers, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/449095
- Permanent ID
ys:prov:449095@1- SHA-256
54126419c750bebd55a574cf3349183fdcbb758a5ce1708293e9e3e92237ee70
The hash is SHA-256 of this version's text, with every run of whitespace collapsed to a single space and the ends trimmed. The ID always leads back here, and checking it says whether the text you cited is still the current version.
Full text
Whoever—
intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized access, and thereby obtains—
knowingly and with intent to defraud traffics (as defined in section 1029) in any password or similar information through which a computer may be accessed without authorization, if—
with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any—
The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or (b) of this section is—
a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(2), or an attempt to commit an offense punishable under this subparagraph, if—
except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, in the case of—
an offense under subsection (a)(5)(B), which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under this section, if the offense caused (or, in the case of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have caused)—
except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, in the case of—
except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both, in the case of—
a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, in the case of—
a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both, for—
As used in this section—
the term “protected computer” means a computer—
that—
the term “financial institution” means—
The court, in imposing sentence on any person convicted of a violation of this section, or convicted of conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any provision of State law, that such person forfeit to the United States—
For purposes of subsection (i), the following shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States and no property right shall exist in them:
Legislative history
The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.
- A joint resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes.House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Crime Control Act of 1990House: 313–1Senate: no recorded tally
- Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
- Economic Espionage Act of 1996House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
- 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization ActHouse: 400–4Senate: no recorded tally
- Homeland Security Act of 2002
- Former Vice President Protection Act of 2008House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Defending the Integrity of Voting Systems ActHouse: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally