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18 U.S.C. § 2523

Executive agreements on access to data by foreign governments

United States · Title 18 — CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective

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18 U.S.C. § 2523, Executive agreements on access to data by foreign governments, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/449665
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In this section— For purposes of this chapter, chapter 121, and chapter 206, an executive agreement governing access by a foreign government to data subject to this chapter, chapter 121, or chapter 206 shall be considered to satisfy the requirements of this section if the Attorney General, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, determines, and submits a written certification of such determination to Congress, including a written certification and explanation of each consideration in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4), that— the domestic law of the foreign government, including the implementation of that law, affords robust substantive and procedural protections for privacy and civil liberties in light of the data collection and activities of the foreign government that will be subject to the agreement, if— the factors to be met in making such a determination include whether the foreign government— adheres to applicable international human rights obligations and commitments or demonstrates respect for international universal human rights, including— the agreement requires that, with respect to any order that is subject to the agreement— an order issued by the foreign government— in the case of an order for the interception of wire or electronic communications, and any extensions thereof, shall require that the interception order— Not later than 7 days after the date on which the Attorney General certifies an executive agreement under subsection (b), the Attorney General shall provide notice of the determination under subsection (b) and a copy of the executive agreement to Congress, including— In this paragraph, the term “joint resolution” means only a joint resolution— During the 180-day period described in subparagraph (B), a joint resolution of disapproval may be introduced— A joint resolution of disapproval introduced in the Senate shall be referred jointly— In the House of Representatives, the following procedures shall apply to a joint resolution of disapproval received from the Senate (unless the House has already passed a joint resolution relating to the same proposed action): If, before the passage by the Senate of a joint resolution of disapproval, the Senate receives an identical joint resolution from the House of Representatives, the following procedures shall apply: With respect to that joint resolution— This subsection is enacted by Congress— Upon renewing a determination under subsection (b), the Attorney General shall file a report with the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives describing— A revision to an agreement under this section shall be treated as a new agreement for purposes of this section and shall be subject to the certification requirement under subsection (b), and to the procedures under subsection (d), except that for purposes of a revision to an agreement—

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.