28 U.S.C. § 1441
Removal of civil actions
United States · Title 28 — JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE · Status: effective
Cite this
- Citation
- 28 U.S.C. § 1441, Removal of civil actions, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/465248
- Permanent ID
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Full text
If a civil action includes—
Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, a defendant in a civil action in a State court may remove the action to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where the action is pending if—
Legislative history
The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone. The law that originally enacted this section predates the public laws loaded here, so only later amendments are listed.
- Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Judicial Improvements Act of 1985House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Judicial Improvements and Access to Justice ActHouse: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Judicial Improvements Act of 1990House: 386–18Senate: no recorded tally
- A bill to make certain technical corrections in the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990.House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization ActHouse: 400–4Senate: no recorded tally
- Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011House: 402–0Senate: no recorded tally