29 U.S.C. § 1104
Fiduciary duties
United States · Title 29 — LABOR · Status: effective
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- Citation
- 29 U.S.C. § 1104, Fiduciary duties, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/466156
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Full text
Subject to sections 1103(c) and (d), 1342, and 1344 of this title, a fiduciary shall discharge his duties with respect to a plan solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries and—
for the exclusive purpose of:
Except as authorized by the Secretary by regulations, no fiduciary may maintain the indicia of ownership of any assets of a plan outside the jurisdiction of the district courts of the United States.
In the case of a pension plan which provides for individual accounts and permits a participant or beneficiary to exercise control over the assets in his account, if a participant or beneficiary exercises control over the assets in his account (as determined under regulations of the Secretary)—
In the case of a simple retirement account established pursuant to a qualified salary reduction arrangement under section 408(p) of title 26, a participant or beneficiary shall, for purposes of paragraph (1), be treated as exercising control over the assets in the account upon the earliest of—
In the case of a pension plan which makes a transfer to an individual retirement account or annuity of a designated trustee or issuer under section 401(a)(31)(B) of title 26, the participant or beneficiary shall, for purposes of paragraph (1), be treated as exercising control over the assets in the account or annuity upon—
the earlier of—
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “qualified change in investment options” means, in connection with an individual account plan, a change in the investment options offered to the participant or beneficiary under the terms of the plan, under which—
The requirements of this subparagraph are met in connection with a qualified change in investment options if—
The requirements of this subparagraph are met if each participant or beneficiary—
If, in connection with the termination of a pension plan which is a single-employer plan, there is an election to establish or maintain a qualified replacement plan, or to increase benefits, as provided under section 4980(d) of title 26, a fiduciary shall discharge the fiduciary’s duties under this subchapter and subchapter III in accordance with the following requirements:
In the case of a fiduciary of the terminated plan, any requirement—
In the case of a fiduciary of a qualified replacement plan, any requirement—
For purposes of this subsection—
With respect to the selection of an insurer for a guaranteed retirement income contract, the requirements of subsection (a)(1)(B) will be deemed to be satisfied if a fiduciary—
with respect to each insurer identified under subparagraph (A)—
on the basis of such consideration, concludes that—
A fiduciary will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B)(i) and (1)(C)(i) if—
the fiduciary obtains written representations from the insurer that—
the insurer, at the time of selection and for each of the immediately preceding 7 plan years—
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a fiduciary to select the lowest cost contract. A fiduciary may consider the value of a contract, including features and benefits of the contract and attributes of the insurer (including, without limitation, the insurer’s financial strength) in conjunction with the cost of the contract.
For purposes of this subsection, the time of selection is—
A fiduciary will be deemed to have conducted the periodic review described in subparagraph (A)(ii) if the fiduciary obtains the written representations described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of paragraph (2)(A) from the insurer on an annual basis, unless the fiduciary receives any notice described in paragraph (2)(A)(iv) or otherwise becomes aware of facts that would cause the fiduciary to question such representations.
A fiduciary which satisfies the requirements of this subsection shall not be liable following the distribution of any benefit, or the investment by or on behalf of a participant or beneficiary pursuant to the selected guaranteed retirement income contract, for any losses that may result to the participant or beneficiary due to an insurer’s inability to satisfy its financial obligations under the terms of such contract.
For purposes of this subsection—
The term “insurer” means an insurance company, insurance service, or insurance organization, including affiliates of such companies.
The term “guaranteed retirement income contract” means an annuity contract for a fixed term or a contract (or provision or feature thereof) which provides guaranteed benefits annually (or more frequently) for at least the remainder of the life of the participant or the joint lives of the participant and the participant’s designated beneficiary as part of an individual account plan.
Legislative history
The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.
- Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- An act to amend the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to improve retirement income security under private multiemployer pension plans by strengthening the funding requirements for those plans, to authorize plan preservation measures for financially troubled multiemployer pension plans, and to revise the manner in which the pension plan termination insurance provisions apply to multiemployer plans, and for other purposes.House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
- Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996
- Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
- Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002House: 216–214Senate: no recorded tally
- Pension Protection Act of 2006
- Worker, Retiree, and Employer Recovery Act of 2008House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
- Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020House: 297–120Senate: no recorded tally
- Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023House: 225–201Senate: no recorded tally