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31 U.S.C. § 5112

Denominations, specifications, and design of coins

United States · Title 31 — MONEY AND FINANCE · Status: effective

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31 U.S.C. § 5112, Denominations, specifications, and design of coins, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/467759
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The Secretary of the Treasury may mint and issue only the following coins: Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall mint and issue, in qualities and quantities that the Secretary determines are sufficient to meet public demand, coins which— have a design— Notwithstanding section 5111(a)(1) of this title, the Secretary shall mint and issue the gold coins described in paragraphs (7), (8), (9), and (10) of subsection (a) of this section, in qualities and quantities that the Secretary determines are sufficient to meet public demand, and such gold coins shall— have a design determined by the Secretary, except that the fifty dollar gold coin shall have— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for quarter dollars issued during the 10-year period referred to in subparagraph (A) in which— Each of the 50 designs required under this subsection for quarter dollars shall be— selected by the Secretary after consultation with— Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in carrying out any commemorative coin program, the Secretary shall mint— Notwithstanding subsection (d) and in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, $1 coins issued during the period beginning January 1, 2007, and ending upon the termination of the program under paragraph (8), shall— The $1 coins issued in accordance with paragraph (1)(A) shall meet the following design requirements: The design on the reverse shall bear— The design on the obverse shall contain— basic information about the President, including— The coins issued under this subsection shall— The design on the obverse of each coin issued under this subsection shall contain— The design on the reverse of each coin issued under this subsection shall bear— In the case of any President who served without a spouse— the image on the obverse of the bullion coin corresponding to the $1 coin relating to such President shall be an image emblematic of the concept of “Liberty”— Each bullion coin issued under this subsection shall be sold by the Secretary at a price that is equal to or greater than the sum of— The Secretary shall— Beginning January 1, 2006, all agencies and instrumentalities of the United States, the United States Postal Service, all nonappropriated fund instrumentalities established under title 10, and all transit systems that receive operational subsidies or any disbursement of funds from the Federal Government, such as funds from the Federal Highway Trust Fund, including the Mass Transit Account, shall take such action as may be appropriate to ensure that by the end of the 2-year period beginning on such date— any business operations conducted by any such agency, instrumentality, system, or entity that involve coins or currency will be fully capable of— The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Secretary shall take steps to ensure that an adequate supply of $1 coins is available for commerce and collectors at such places and in such quantities as are appropriate by— consulting, to accurately gauge demand for coins and to anticipate and eliminate obstacles to the easy and efficient distribution and circulation of $1 coins as well as all other circulating coins, from time to time but no less frequently than annually, with a coin users group, which may include— submitting an annual report to the Congress containing— ensuring that— The coins referred to in subparagraph (A) shall— Each gold bullion coin issued under this subsection shall be sold for an amount the Secretary determines to be appropriate, but not less than the sum of— Effective beginning January 1, 2008, notwithstanding subsection (d), in addition to the coins to be issued pursuant to subsection (n), and in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary shall mint and issue $1 coins that— The $1 coins issued in accordance with paragraph (1) shall meet the following design requirements: The design on the reverse shall bear— The design on the obverse shall— The designs selected for the reverse of the coins described under this subsection— may depict individuals and events such as— Each coin issued under this subsection commemorating Native Americans and their contributions— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for quarter dollars issued during 2009 in which— Each of the 6 designs required under this subsection for quarter dollars shall be— selected by the Secretary after consultation with— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for quarter dollars referred to in subparagraph (A) in which— Each of the designs required under this subsection for quarter dollars shall be— selected by the Secretary after consultation with— Upon the completion of the coin program under this subsection, the design on— The Secretary is authorized to strike and make available for sale such number of bullion coins as the Secretary determines to be appropriate that feature the designs of the quarter dollars and half dollars issued under subsections (x), (y), and (z), that— Each coin issued under this subsection shall be sold for an amount the Secretary determines to be appropriate, but not less than the sum of— Coins minted and issued under this subsection shall bear designs on the obverse and reverse that are close likenesses of the work of famed American coin designer and medallic artist Adolph Alexander Weinman— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) and subsection (d)(2) and in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, during the 14-year period beginning on January 1, 2019 (or such later date as provided under subparagraph (B)(ii)), the Secretary of the Treasury shall mint and issue $1 coins to be known as “American Innovation $1 coins”, that— Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if the Secretary finds that it is feasible and cost-effective, the Secretary may mint and issue a $1 coin in 2018 to introduce the series of coins described in this subsection, that— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) and subsection (d)(2), the $1 coins issued in accordance with paragraph (1)(A) shall meet the following design requirements: The common design on the obverse of each coin issued under this subsection shall contain— The design on the reverse of each coin issued under this subsection shall bear the following: An image or images emblematic of one of the following from one of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or the territories of the United States: The coins issued under this subsection commemorating either an innovation, an individual innovator, or a group of innovators, from each State, the District of Columbia, or a territory shall be issued in the following order: Notwithstanding clause (i)— Each of the designs required under this subsection shall be selected by the Secretary after— consultation with— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for quarter dollars referred to in subparagraph (A) in which— The selection of a prominent American woman to be featured under this subsection shall be made by the Secretary— The coins issued in accordance with this subsection shall meet the following design requirements— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for quarter dollars referred to in subparagraph (A) in which— Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the Secretary may select a design for half dollars referred to in subparagraph (A) in which— The coins issued in accordance with this subsection shall meet the following design requirements: Upon the completion or termination of the coin program under this subsection, the designs on the quarter dollar and half dollar shall be as follows:

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone.

  • Enacted byPub. L. 97-258(H.R. 6128)1982-09-13
    A bill to revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain general and permanent laws, related to money and finance, as title 31, United States Code, "Money and Finance".
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 97-452(H.R. 7378)1983-01-12
    A bill to codify without substantive change recent laws related to money and finance and to improve the United States Code.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 99-61(H.R. 47)1985-07-09
    Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Commemorative Coin Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 99-185(S. 1639)1985-12-17
    Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 100-274(H.R. 2631)1988-03-31
    A bill to authorize appropriations for the United States Mint for fiscal years 1988 and 1989, and for other purposes.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 102-390(H.R. 3654)1992-10-06
    1996 Atlanta Centennial Olympic Games Commemorative Coin Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 103-272(H.R. 1758)1994-07-05
    To revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain general and permanent laws, related to transportation, as subtitles II, III, and V-X of title 49, United States Code, "Transportation", and to make other technical improvements in the Code.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-208(H.R. 3610)1996-09-30
    Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997
  • Amended byPub. L. 105-124(S. 1228)1997-12-01
    50 States Commemorative Coin Program Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 105-176(H.R. 3301)1998-05-29
    To amend chapter 51 of title 31, United States Code, to allow the Secretary of the Treasury greater discretion with regard to the placement of the required inscriptions on quarter dollars issued under the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 106-445(H.R. 5273)2000-11-06
    United States Mint Numismatic Coin Clarification Act of 2000
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 108-15(H.R. 258)2003-04-23
    American 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003
    House: 412–5Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 109-145(S. 1047)2005-12-22
    Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005
    House: 291–113Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-82(H.R. 2358)2007-09-20
    Native American $1 Coin Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-147(H.R. 3703)2007-12-21
    To amend section 5112(p)(1)(A) of title 31, United States Code, to allow an exception from the $1 coin dispensing capability requirement for certain vending machines.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-161(H.R. 2764)2007-12-26
    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008
  • Amended byPub. L. 110-456(H.R. 6184)2008-12-23
    America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008
    House: 419–0Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 111-8(H.R. 1105)2009-03-11
    Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009
    House: 245–178Senate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 111-302(H.R. 6162)2010-12-14
    Coin Modernization, Oversight, and Continuity Act of 2010
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 111-303(H.R. 6166)2010-12-14
    American Eagle Palladium Bullion Coin Act of 2010
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 114-94(H.R. 22)2015-12-04
    FAST Act
  • Amended byPub. L. 115-91(H.R. 2810)2017-12-12
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018
  • Amended byPub. L. 115-197(H.R. 770)2018-07-20
    American Innovation $1 Coin Act
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 115-232(H.R. 5515)2018-08-13
    John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
  • Amended byPub. L. 116-330(H.R. 1923)2021-01-13
    Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Act of 2020
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally