yourstate.us
Home / United States / 45 U.S.C.
45 U.S.C. § 231

Definitions

United States · Title 45 — RAILROADS · Status: effective

Labor & Employment
Get this as JSONEmbed this
Cite this
Citation
45 U.S.C. § 231, Definitions, United States, version 1 as recorded 2026-07-09, yourstate.us, https://yourstate.us/provision/487137
Permanent ID
ys:prov:487137@1
SHA-256
ff11eaa0eae58cb5133924f6f1cf8b7dbd03e1f0abe93bdf3f82f23aff1e3f0c

The hash is SHA-256 of this version's text, with every run of whitespace collapsed to a single space and the ends trimmed. The ID always leads back here, and checking it says whether the text you cited is still the current version.

Full text

For the purposes of this subchapter— The term “employer” shall include— Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the term “employer” shall not include— An individual is in the service of an employer whether his service is rendered within or without the United States if— Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection— An individual shall be deemed to have been in the employment relation to an employer on August 29, 1935, if— Where service prior to August 29, 1935, may be included in the computation of years of service as provided in subdivision (3) of section 231b(i) of this title, it may be included as to— In determining compensation, there shall be attributable as compensation paid to an employee in calendar months in which he is in military service creditable under section 231b(i)(2) of this title, in addition to any other compensation paid to him with respect to such months— Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding subdivisions of this subsection, the term “compensation” shall not include—

Legislative history

The public laws that enacted or amended this section. Tallies are for the whole bill as it passed each chamber — often an omnibus covering far more than this provision — not a vote on this section alone. The law that originally enacted this section predates the public laws loaded here, so only later amendments are listed.

  • Amended byPub. L. 93-445(H.R. 15301)1974-10-16
    Railroad Retirement Act of 1974
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 94-547(H.R. 14041)1976-10-18
    A bill to amend the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 with respect to the computation of annuity amounts in certain cases, and for other purposes.
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 97-35(H.R. 3982)1981-08-13
    Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 97-468(H.R. 3420)1983-01-14
    Rail Safety and Service Improvement Act of 1982
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 98-76(H.R. 1646)1983-08-12
    Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 99-514(H.R. 3838)1986-10-22
    Tax Reform Act of 1986
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 100-647(H.R. 4333)1988-11-10
    Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
    House: no recorded tallySenate: no recorded tally
  • Amended byPub. L. 101-239(H.R. 3299)1989-12-19
    Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    House: no recorded tallySenate: 87–7
  • Amended byPub. L. 104-88(H.R. 2539)1995-12-29
    ICC Termination Act of 1995
    House: 417–8Senate: no recorded tally