Commerce and Housing Credit
Mortgage credit, deposit insurance, the Postal Service and business loans. Often negative: fees and loan repayments can exceed payments.
-$28.6B
spent in fiscal year 2025 (net)
+25.3%
since fiscal year 2015, before inflation
Over time
Net outlays for Commerce and Housing Credit in each fiscal year, from the Treasury’s September statements.
The figures
| Fiscal year | Net outlays | In 2025 dollars | Share of all spending |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | -$28,620,513,920 | -$28.6B | -0.4% |
| 2024 | $35,567,576,543 | $36.5B | 0.5% |
| 2023 | $99,954,455,188 | $105.6B | 1.6% |
| 2022 | -$19,493,449,616 | -$21.4B | -0.3% |
| 2021 | $304,147,041,496 | $361.4B | 4.5% |
| 2020 | $571,656,751,610 | $711.1B | 8.7% |
| 2019 | -$26,139,299,484 | -$32.9B | -0.6% |
| 2018 | -$9,857,539,440 | -$12.6B | -0.2% |
| 2017 | -$27,271,987,833 | -$35.8B | -0.7% |
| 2016 | -$32,789,094,410 | -$44.0B | -0.9% |
| 2015 | -$38,335,201,849 | -$52.1B | -1.0% |
What is inside it
Its subfunctions, by the gross outlays of every agency account classified to each: before collections and transfers are netted, so they add to more than the Treasury’s figure above.
- Other advancement of commerce83.3%$54,480,041,654
- Deposit insurance9.7%$6,366,183,598
- Mortgage credit7.0%$4,567,447,482
- Gross outlays100%$65,413,672,734
Which agencies pay for each subfunction
Other advancement of commerce
- Department of Commerce$28.5B52.4%
- Federal Communications Commission$11.5B21.1%
- Department of the Treasury$5.62B10.3%
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau$2.78B5.1%
- Small Business Administration$2.64B4.8%
- Securities and Exchange Commission$2.39B4.4%
- Federal Trade Commission$429M0.8%
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission$366M0.7%
Show the other 3 agencies
Deposit insurance
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation$5.11B80.2%
- Department of the Treasury$1.25B19.7%
- National Credit Union Administration$3.7M0.1%
Mortgage credit
- Department of Housing and Urban Development$2.57B56.4%
- Department of Agriculture$1.99B43.6%
- Department of the Treasury$2.3M0.1%
Which agencies pay for it
Gross outlays from each agency’s accounts in this function. Open an agency to see everything else it spends on.
- Department of Commerce$28.5B43.6%
- Federal Communications Commission$11.5B17.6%
- Department of the Treasury$6.87B10.5%
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation$5.11B7.8%
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau$2.78B4.2%
- Small Business Administration$2.64B4.0%
- Department of Housing and Urban Development$2.59B4.0%
- Securities and Exchange Commission$2.39B3.7%
- Department of Agriculture$1.99B3.0%
- Federal Trade Commission$429M0.7%
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission$366M0.6%
- General Services Administration$165M0.3%
- Executive Office of the President$35M0.1%
- National Credit Union Administration$3.7M<0.1%
The accounts it is paid from
Every federal account in the function, by the amount obligated (committed) in the year, which is what USAspending’s spending explorer reports by function; each account’s gross outlays are beside it where its agency reported them. Each opens on USAspending.gov.
- Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund, NIST, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $14.6B gross outlays$30.0B31.3%
- Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $287M gross outlays$17.0B17.7%
- Universal Service Fund, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $8.83B gross outlays$6.91B7.2%
- Deposit Insurance Fund, Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationDeposit insurance · Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation · $5.06B gross outlays$5.06B5.3%
- Salaries and Expenses, United States Patent and Trademark Office, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $4.36B gross outlays$4.33B4.5%
- Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $428M gross outlays$2.85B3.0%
- Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit, Internal Revenue Service, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $2.24B gross outlays$2.24B2.3%
- Salaries and Expenses, Securities and Exchange CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Securities and Exchange Commission · $2.17B gross outlays$2.20B2.3%
- Rural Housing Insurance Fund Program Account, Rural Housing Service, AgricultureMortgage credit · Department of Agriculture · $1.98B gross outlays$1.96B2.0%
- Consumer Financial Civil Penalty Fund, Bureau of Consumer Financial ProtectionOther advancement of commerce · Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · $2.09B gross outlays$1.89B2.0%
- Census Working Capital Fund, Bureau of the Census, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $2.01B gross outlays$1.87B2.0%
- Mutual Mortgage Insurance Program Account, Federal Housing Administration, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $1.64B gross outlays$1.66B1.7%
- Telecommunications Relay Services Fund, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $1.43B gross outlays$1.43B1.5%
- Salaries and Expenses, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $1.32B gross outlays$1.32B1.4%
- Assessment Funds, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, TreasuryDeposit insurance · Department of the Treasury · $1.25B gross outlays$1.30B1.4%
- Payment Where Certain Tax Credits Exceeds Liability for Corporate Tax, Internal Revenue Service, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $1.17B gross outlays$1.17B1.2%
- Periodic Censuses and Programs, Bureau of the Census, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $1.27B gross outlays$1.13B1.2%
- Scientific and Technical Research and Services, National Institute of Standards and Technology, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $1.11B gross outlays$958M1.0%
- Business Loans Program Account, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $940M gross outlays$934M1.0%
- Digital Equity, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $27M gross outlays$784M0.8%
Show the other 76 accounts
- Industrial Technology Services, National Institute of Standards and Technology, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $300M gross outlays$719M0.8%
- Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Fund, Bureau of Consumer Financial ProtectionOther advancement of commerce · Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · $692M gross outlays$693M0.7%
- Operations and Administration, International Trade Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $608M gross outlays$605M0.6%
- First Responder Network Authority, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $725M gross outlays$515M0.5%
- Salaries and Expenses, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $527M gross outlays$506M0.5%
- Guarantees of Mortgage-Backed Securities Loan Guarantees, Program Account, Government National Mortgage Association, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $505M gross outlays$462M0.5%
- Salaries and Expenses, Federal Trade CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Trade Commission · $429M gross outlays$428M0.4%
- Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $138M gross outlays$423M0.4%
- General and Special Risk Program Account, Federal Housing Administration, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $393M gross outlays$393M0.4%
- Broadband Connectivity Fund, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $374M gross outlays$382M0.4%
- Commodity Futures Trading CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Commodity Futures Trading Commission · $324M gross outlays$352M0.4%
- Current Surveys and Programs, Bureau of the Census, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $366M gross outlays$345M0.4%
- Fisheries Disaster Assistance, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $316M gross outlays$332M0.3%
- Working Capital Fund, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $294M gross outlays$292M0.3%
- Salaries and Expenses, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $244M gross outlays$261M0.3%
- Entrepreneurial Development Programs, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $271M gross outlays$252M0.3%
- Working Capital Fund, National Institute of Standards and Technology, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $171M gross outlays$192M0.2%
- Operations and Administration, Bureau of Industry and Security, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $215M gross outlays$189M0.2%
- Federal Citizen Services Fund, General Services AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · General Services Administration · $165M gross outlays$141M0.1%
- Salaries and Expenses, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $148M gross outlays$135M0.1%
- Salaries and Expenses, Economic and Statistical Analysis, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $123M gross outlays$129M0.1%
- Financial Research Fund, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $125M gross outlays$116M0.1%
- Nonrecurring Expenses Fund, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $69M gross outlays$112M0.1%
- Travel Promotion Fund, Corporation for Travel PromotionOther advancement of commerce$100M0.1%
- Construction of Research Facilities, National Institute of Standards and Technology, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $263M gross outlays$90M0.1%
- State Small Business Credit Initiative, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $2.04B gross outlays$87M0.1%
- Investor Protection Fund, Securities and Exchange CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Securities and Exchange Commission · $170M gross outlays$65M0.1%
- Office of the Inspector General, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $59M gross outlays$62M0.1%
- Office of Inspector General, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $48M gross outlays$49M0.1%
- Office of Inspector General, Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationDeposit insurance · Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation · $48M gross outlays$48M<0.1%
- Middle Mile Deployment, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $144M gross outlays$46M<0.1%
- NTIS Revolving Fund, National Technical Information Service, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $53M gross outlays$45M<0.1%
- Surety Bond Guarantees Revolving Fund, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $29M gross outlays$29M<0.1%
- Rural Housing Insurance Fund, Liquidating Account, Rural Housing Service, AgricultureMortgage credit · Department of Agriculture · $12M gross outlays$27M<0.1%
- Minority Business Development, Minority Business Development Agency, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $83M gross outlays$24M<0.1%
- Economic Stabilization Program Account, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $20M gross outlays$20M<0.1%
- Seafood Inspection Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $18M gross outlays$19M<0.1%
- Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund, Housing Programs, Housing and Urban DevelopmentOther advancement of commerce · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $13M gross outlays$18M<0.1%
- Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Executive Office of the PresidentOther advancement of commerce · Executive Office of the President · $20M gross outlays$17M<0.1%
- Information Technology System Modernization and Working Capital Fund, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $17M gross outlays$15M<0.1%
- General Fund Payment to the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Executive Office of the PresidentOther advancement of commerce · Executive Office of the President · $15M gross outlays$15M<0.1%
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission Customer Protection Fund, Commodity Futures Trading CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Commodity Futures Trading Commission · $22M gross outlays$14M<0.1%
- Securities and Exchange Commission Reserve Fund, Securities and Exchange CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Securities and Exchange Commission · $47M gross outlays$13M<0.1%
- FHA-General and Special Risk Insurance Fund Liquidating Account, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $26M gross outlays$12M<0.1%
- Office of Advocacy, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $9.4M gross outlays$9.6M<0.1%
- Renovation and Modernization, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $2.1M gross outlays$8.1M<0.1%
- Terrorism Insurance Program, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $7.5M gross outlays$6.0M<0.1%
- Indian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund Program Account, Public and Indian Housing, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $5.4M gross outlays$5.9M<0.1%
- Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $5.4M gross outlays$5.1M<0.1%
- Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset, United States Customs Service, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $4.8M gross outlays$4.8M<0.1%
- Fisheries Enforcement Asset Forfeiture Fund, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $2.4M gross outlays$3.5M<0.1%
- Affordable Connectivity Fund, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $85M gross outlays$3.1M<0.1%
- Connecting Minority Communities Fund, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $89M gross outlays$2.8M<0.1%
- GSE Mortgage-Backed Securities Purchase Program Account, Departmental Offices, TreasuryMortgage credit · Department of the Treasury · $2.3M gross outlays$2.4M<0.1%
- Business Loans Program Account - Recovery Act, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $2.1M gross outlays$2.1M<0.1%
- Community Development Revolving Loan Fund, National Credit UnionDeposit insurance · National Credit Union Administration · $3.7M gross outlays$2.0M<0.1%
- Western Pacific Sustainable Fisheries Fund, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $76k gross outlays$1.6M<0.1%
- Emergency Connectivity Fund for Educational Connections and Devices, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $200M gross outlays$1.4M<0.1%
- Small Business Lending Fund, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $996k gross outlays$1.1M<0.1%
- Federal Housing Administration Fund, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $1.2M gross outlays$1.0M<0.1%
- Facilities Management and Construction, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $1.1M gross outlays$970k<0.1%
- Operating Account, Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationDeposit insurance · Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation · $634k gross outlays$634k<0.1%
- Native Hawaiian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund Program Account, Public and Indian Housing, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $425k gross outlays$425k<0.1%
- Fisheries Finance Program Account, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $405k gross outlays$405k<0.1%
- Housing for the Elderly or Handicapped Fund, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $504k gross outlays$389k<0.1%
- Gifts and Bequests, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $352k gross outlays$359k<0.1%
- Spectrum Auction Program Account, Federal Communications CommissionOther advancement of commerce · Federal Communications Commission · $291k gross outlays$301k<0.1%
- Office of Financial Stability, Departmental Offices, TreasuryOther advancement of commerce · Department of the Treasury · $274k gross outlays$240k<0.1%
- Home Ownership Preservation Entity Fund Program Account, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $215k gross outlays$215k<0.1%
- Business Loan and Investment Fund, Liquidating Account, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $136k gross outlays$121k<0.1%
- Emergency EIDL Grants, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $30k gross outlays$92k<0.1%
- The FSLIC Resolution FundDeposit insurance · Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation · $82k gross outlays$78k<0.1%
- Guarantees of Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund, Government National Mortgage Association, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMortgage credit · Department of Housing and Urban Development · $114k gross outlays$41k<0.1%
- Business Assistance Trust Fund, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $37k gross outlays$36k<0.1%
- Shuttered Venue Operators, Small Business AdministrationOther advancement of commerce · Small Business Administration · $504 gross outlays$19k<0.1%
- Office of Inspector General - Recovery Act, Departmental Management, CommerceOther advancement of commerce · Department of Commerce · $6k gross outlays$6k<0.1%
Net outlays are the Monthly Treasury Statement’s, table 9. The subfunctions and agencies are the gross outlays agencies reported to USAspending.gov for fiscal year 2025; the accounts are its spending explorer’s obligations. In 2025 dollars restates each year with the CPI-U annual average of the calendar year the fiscal year ends in.