Where their votes land Each scale runs between the two parties. The left end is the side most Democrats took on a set of hand-picked roll-call votes, the right end the side most Republicans took, and Tammy Baldwin's marker sits at the share of those votes they cast on the Republican side. Votes that most of both parties agreed on are left out, because they cannot show which side anyone was on.
Overall average of 10 values
Democratic side 0 · Voted with Democrats almost every timeRepublican side
Average Senate Democrat: 2 Average Senate Republican: 970 is the Democratic side of every party-split vote and 100 the Republican side of every one. This is the average of the 10 value positions below that rest on 4 or more votes, each counted once however many votes stand behind it; 2 values below have fewer than 4 votes and are drawn but not counted in it.
Embed this chart
Broader public coverage and lower drug prices 11 of 11 with DemocratsLess federal spending and a smaller government role
Protecting access to abortion, contraception and IVF 11 of 11 with DemocratsRestricting abortion and the funding behind it
More legal protection and processing capacity 8 of 8 with DemocratsStricter enforcement and less federal benefit access
Wider access to the ballot 8 of 8 with DemocratsTighter eligibility and identity checks
Cutting greenhouse-gas emissions faster 7 of 7 with DemocratsCheaper energy now and fewer federal mandates
Stronger federal protection for borrowers 7 of 7 with DemocratsLighter regulation of banks and lenders
Stronger limits on pollution and development 6 of 6 with DemocratsFewer federal restrictions on land and industry
Stronger bargaining rights and higher wage floors 6 of 6 with DemocratsMore employer flexibility and lower labour costs
Broader federal anti-discrimination protection 4 of 4 with DemocratsNarrower federal rules, more left to states
Higher taxes at the top and stronger collection 4 of 4 with DemocratsLower rates and a smaller tax administration
Requiring Congress to authorise military force 3 of 3 with DemocratsLeaving the deployment decision with the President
Only 3 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.
Tighter limits on firearms 2 of 2 with DemocratsFewer restrictions on lawful gun owners
Only 2 votes — fewer than 4, so this is drawn with a hollow marker and not counted in the overall position.
Embed this chart Positions count only the votes this person cast, so two people can be placed on different numbers of votes — the count beside each value says how many. How the votes were chosen, and how each party's side is counted .
Where the money came from Receipts into Tammy Baldwin’s own campaign committee over the 2025–2026 election cycle, through June 30, 2026.
Small individual donors 46.9% $1,324,317 Large individual donors 43.0% $1,214,684 PACs 4.5% $127,264 Other and unclassified 5.6% $157,176 Total receipts 100% $2,823,441 Embed this chart What these categories mean
Small individual donors People whose giving stayed under $200 in total. The FEC does not require them to be named, so who they are is genuinely unknown — not merely unlisted.
Large individual donors People whose giving passed $200, which is the point at which the campaign must report their name, employer and occupation.
PACs Political action committees — corporate, trade, union and ideological. Money from an organisation rather than from a person.
Other and unclassified The remainder once every category above is accounted for: federal funds, offsets, interest, and anything this site could not classify. It is a residual, not a kind of donor. This is money the campaign itself received. It is not everything spent to win the seat. It excludes leadership PACs, and it excludes independent expenditures and other outside spending — money spent to elect or defeat a candidate by groups they may not lawfully coordinate with, which in a contested race can exceed everything shown above. It is not personal income or net worth, which are a separate filing altogether. Figures are as filed with the Federal Election Commission and are only as current as the last report, covering through June 30, 2026; a cycle still running is a partial count. Check this filing on fec.gov .
Personal finances Separately from the campaign money above, Tammy Baldwin files a report about their own money: what they own, what they owe, what they earn outside Congress, and every stock trade they make. The law requires it, and every figure in it is a range rather than an amount — which is why the columns below are ranges too.
What they report owning, and owing Reported assets $601k to $1.3M 4 lines, 1 with no figure Reported debts $250k to $500k 1 line Every column is read from $0. The solid height is the total of the low ends of the bands the filer ticked; the pale cap runs on to the total of the high ends, and is the range the form allows — not a margin of error and not a guess. Assets less debts comes to $101k to $1.0M — a range, and not a net worth: the form does not ask about a personal residence that earns nothing, about congressional salary, or about the exact value of anything.
Embed this chart What the holdings are Trusts1 holding 83.2% $500k to $1.0M Bonds, cash and other securities2 holdings 16.8% $101k to $265k Retirement, pensions and insurance1 holding, 1 with no figure — — Every group 100% $601k to $1.3M A slice needs one number and a filer ticks a range, so each arc is its group’s floor — the total of the low ends they ticked — and the figure in the hole is the total of those floors. The band printed beside each group is the real answer, and it is wider than the arc. 1 holding carry no figure at all and are in no arc.
Embed this chart From Tammy Baldwin’s own financial disclosure, filed under the Ethics in Government Act. Every figure is the band the filer ticked.
Government experience Chamber State / District Party Years Senate WI Democrat 2025–2031 Senate WI Democrat 2019–2025 Senate WI Democrat 2013–2019 House WI-2 Democrat 2011–2013 House WI-2 Democrat 2009–2011 House WI-2 Democrat 2007–2009 House WI-2 Democrat 2005–2007 House WI-2 Democrat 2003–2005 House WI-2 Democrat 2001–2003 House WI-2 Democrat 1999–2001
A district link opens that seat as the plan in force draws it . Seat numbers outlive the lines beneath them, so for an older term that is not the ground they held.
Their district The ground Tammy Baldwin represented, and what was measured on it while they held it. A seat listed twice is a seat whose boundaries were redrawn: the entries describe different areas, not the same area twice.
Figures are the most recent published for each indicator in a period that ended while they held the seat — a figure published after they left describes their successor’s district. Allocated figures are built from the counties overlapping the district and carry the share of its residents the reporting sources covered. These are conditions in the district, not a record of the member. Nothing here is evidence that they caused any of it, or that a different representative would have produced different numbers.
Voting record Year All years 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 Vote type All vote types On Agreeing to the Amendment (3,002) On the Cloture Motion (1,469) On the Nomination (1,403) On Passage (915) On Agreeing to the Resolution (860) On the Amendment (765) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree (751) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass (682) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (657) On Ordering the Previous Question (520) On Motion to Recommit with Instructions (472) On the Motion (368) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree, as Amended (325) On the Motion to Proceed (225) On Approving the Journal (223) On Motion to Instruct Conferees (184) On Agreeing to the Conference Report (168) On Passage of the Bill (164) On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (150) On Motion to Adjourn (144) On the Motion to Table (134) On the Joint Resolution (108) On the Motion to Discharge (66) On Motion that the Committee Rise (56) Table Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (39) On Motion to Table (34) Table Motion to Reconsider (34) On the Resolution (27) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree, As Amended (25) On the Conference Report (18) On Motion to Reconsider (17) On Closing Portions of the Conference (16) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, As Amended (15) On the Decision of the Chair (15) On Overriding the Veto (14) On the Motion for Attendance (14) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (13) On Consideration of the Resolution (13) Suspend the rules and pass, as amended (13) On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment (12) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Concur in the Senate Amendment (12) On the Concurrent Resolution (12) Suspend the rules and agree (12) On motion to suspend the rules and agree, as amended (11) On the Motion to Adjourn (10) Will the House Now Consider the Resolution (10) On Agreeing to the Resolution, as Amended (9) On Motion to Commit with Instructions (9) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Concur in the Senate Amendments (9) On the Motion to Reconsider (9) On the Point of Order (9) On the Resolution of Ratification (9) Passage, Objections of the President Not Withstanding (9) Table the Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (9) On the Motion to Recommit (8) Suspend the Rules and Pass (8) On Motion to Refer the Resolution (7) On Motion to Table the Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (7) Suspend the Rules and Agree to Senate Amendment (7) Suspend the Rules and Agree to Senate Amendments (7) Election of the Speaker (6) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass (6) On Motion to Recommit (6) On Motion to Recommit the Conference Report (6) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to Senate Amendment (6) On Question of Consideration of the Resolution (6) Suspend the rules and pass (6) On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendments (5) On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment with an Amendment (5) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate Amendment (5) On Motion to Table the Resolution (5) Suspend the Rules and Concur in the Senate Amendment (5) Suspend the rules and agree, as amended (5) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment (4) On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments (4) Recommit Conference Report with Instructions (4) Suspend the Rules and Agree (4) Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate Amendment (4) Suspend the Rules and Agree, as Amended (4) Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (4) Guilty or Not Guilty (3) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree (3) On Engrossment and Third Reading (3) On Motion to Commit (3) On Motion to Go to Conference (3) On Motion to Recommit Conference Report (3) On Motion to Refer (3) On Motion to Suspend Rules and Agree (3) On Motion to Suspend Rules and Agree, as Amended (3) On Motion to Suspend Rules and Pass, as Amended (3) On Motion to Table the Motion to Reconsider (3) On Sustaining the Ruling of the Chair (3) On motion to instruct conferees (3) On the Motion to Refer (3) Passage, Objections of the President Notwithstanding (3) Recommit the Conference Report with Instructions (3) Suspend Rules and Agree, as Amended (3) Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate amendment (3) Sustain the Ruling of the Chair (3) Table appeal of the ruling of the chair (3) Table the appeal of the ruling of the Chair (3) table motion to reconsider (3) On Agreeing to the Amendment, as Modified (2) On Agreeing to the Concurrent Resolution (2) On Agreeing to the Resolution, as amended (2) On Flake Motion to Instruct Conferees (2) On Hour of Meeting (2) On Motion That The Committee Rise (2) On Motion to Recommit Conference Report with Instructions (2) On Motion to Recommit the Conference Report with Instructions (2) On Motion to Suspend Rules and Pass (2) On Motion to Suspend and Agree, as Amended (2) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to Senate Amendments (2) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Conference Report (2) On Motion to Suspend the rules and Agree (2) On Motion to Table Motion to Instruct Conferees (2) On closing portions of the conference (2) On hour of meeting (2) On motion to commit with instructions (2) On motion to suspend the rules and agree (2) On the Motion to Table the Motion to Recommit (2) On the Objection (2) Rangel Substitute Amendment (2) Shall the use of an exhibit be permitted (2) Suspend Rules and Pass, As Amended (2) Suspend rules and agree, as amended (2) Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Conference Report (2) Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate Amendments (2) Suspend the Rules and Pass, As Amended (2) Sustain the ruling of the Chair (2) Sustaining the Ruling of the Chair (2) Table Reconsider Engrossment and Third Reading (2) Table motion to reconsider (2) Will the House now consider the resolution (2) Adjourn to Time Certain (1) Agree to Senate Adt to House Adt No. 2 with Amendment (1) Agree to Senate Adt to House Adt to Senate Adt (1) Agree to Senate Amendment (1) Agree to Senate Amendment to House Amendment No. 1 (1) Agree to Senate Amendments with Amendments (1) Agree to the Senate Amendment with an Amendment (1) Amendment to Title (1) Article I (1) Article II (1) Article III (1) Article IV (1) Authorizing Conferees to Close Meetings (1) Commit with Instructions (1) Concur In All But Sec. 512 of Sen Amdt. (1) Concur In Sec. 512 of Sen Amdt. (1) Concur in Senate Amendment with House Amendment (1) Concur in Senate Amendment with House Amendment No. 1 (1) Concur in Senate Amendment with House Amendment No. 2 (1) Concur in the Senate Amendment (1) Concurring with an Amdt to the Senate Amdt to the House Amdt to the Senate Amdt (1) ELECTION OF SPEAKER (1) Eighth Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Add a Section 705 (1) Fifth Portion of the Divided Question [Amendment 5] (1) First Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Strike Section 228 (1) Flake Substitute Amendment (1) Fourth Portion of the Divided Question [Amendment 4] (1) Jackson-Lee of Texas Amendment Number 6 (1) Kucinich Substitute Amendment (1) Lofgren Substitute Amendment (1) Markey Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) Motion to Amend the House Amendment to Senate Amendment (1) Motion to Commit with Instructions (1) Motion to Instruct Conferees, On Divided Portion No. 2 (1) Motion to Permit to Proceed in Order on This Day (1) Motion to Recommit the Conference Report (1) Motion to Refer (1) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to Senate Amendments (1) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate Amendments (1) Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree, as Amended (1) Motion to Table the Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (1) Motion to agree to the Senate Amendment (1) Motion to resolve into secret session (1) Motion to table the appeal (1) Ninth Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Add a Section 706 (1) ON Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (1) On Adoption of the second portion of the divided question (1) On Agreeing to Article I of the Resolution (1) On Agreeing to Article II of the Resolution (1) On Agreeing to Article III of the Resolution (1) On Agreeing to Article IV of the Resolution (1) On Agreeing to Senate Adt to House Adt to Senate Adt (1) On Agreeing to Senate Amendment with an Amendment (1) On Agreeing to the Amendments (1) On Agreeing to the En Bloc Amendments, as Modified (1) On Agreeing to the Motion to Strike (1) On Agreeing to the Objection (1) On Agreeing to the Resolution as Amended (1) On Agreeing to the Resolution, As Amended (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment With Amendment No. 1 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment With Amendment No. 2 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment With Amendment No. 3 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment with Amendment No. 1 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment with Amendment No. 2 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendment with Amendment No. 3 (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendments (1) On Agreeing to the Senate Amendments with Amendments (1) On Barrow Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Black of Tennessee Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Broun of Georgia Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Cantor Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Concurring in Senate Amdt to House Amdt to Senate Amdt (1) On Concurring in Senate Amendment With An Amendment (1) On Concurring in Senate Amendment with an Amendment (1) On Concurring in Senate Amendments, With Amendment to Senate Amendment To Text (1) On Concurring in the Senate Amendment with an Amendment (1) On Consideration (1) On Consideration of the Joint Resolution (1) On Doggett Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Holding A Secret Session (1) On Holding a Secret Session (1) On Hoyer of Maryland Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On McKinley of West Virginia Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Motion That Committee Rise (1) On Motion To Concur in the Senate Amendments (1) On Motion To Suspend the Rules and Pass, As Amended (1) On Motion that the Resolution be Laid on the Table (1) On Motion to Agree to Senate Amendment with Amendment (1) On Motion to Agree to Senate Amendments (1) On Motion to Agree to the Senate Amendment (1) On Motion to Agree to the Senate Amendment with an Amendment (1) On Motion to Authorize Conferees to Close Conference (1) On Motion to Close Portions of Conference (1) On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendment to House Amendment to Senate Amendment (1) On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendment with Amendment (1) On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendments #1 and #2, and in #3 With Amendment (1) On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amdt to the House Amdt to the Senate Amdt (1) On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment to the House Amendment (1) On Motion to Concur in the Senate amdt to the House amdt to the Senate amdt (1) On Motion to Concur in the Senate amendment to House amendment to Senate amendment (1) On Motion to Permit Closed Conference Meetings (1) On Motion to Recommit Conference Report With Instructions (1) On Motion to Refer the Resolution to Oversight and Government Reform (1) On Motion to Rise (1) On Motion to Rise With Recommendation That Enacting Clause Be Stricken (1) On Motion to Rise and Recommend that the Enacting Clause Be Stricken (1) On Motion to Strike the Enacting Clause (1) On Motion to Supend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (1) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Senate Amendments (1) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree, as amended (1) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, Amended (1) On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as amended (1) On Motion to Suspend the Rules, Recede from the House Amdt, and Concur in the Senate Amdt (1) On Motion to Suspend the rules and pass (1) On Motion to Table Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (1) On Motion to Table the Motion to Hold a Secret Session (1) On Motion to go to Conference (1) On Motion to table the appeal of the ruling of the Chair (1) On Motions to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (1) On Ordering Previous Question on Amendment and Resolution (1) On Ordering Previous Question on Resolution as Amended (1) On Passage of the Bill, the Objections of the President Notwithstanding (1) On Passage, Objections of the President Notwithstanding (1) On Postponing to a Date Certain (1) On Question of Consideration of Bill (1) On Question of Consideration of Conference Report (1) On Question of Consideration of Resolution (1) On Rahall Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On Retaining Title II (Department of Veterans Affairs) (1) On Walz of Minnesota Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) On adoption of Title 2 of the Resolution (1) On adoption of Title 3 of the Resolution (1) On adoption of Title 4 of the Resolution (1) On adoption of Title 5 of the resolution (1) On adoption of Title I of the Resolution (1) On agreeing to Senate amendment with 1st House amendment (1) On agreeing to Senate amendment with 2nd House amendment (1) On agreeing to the Senate amendments (1) On agreeing to the resolution, as amended (1) On concurring in Senate amdt with amdt (except portion comprising section 523) (1) On concurring in Senate amdt with portion of amdt comprising section 523 (1) On consideration of the bill (1) On consideration of the joint resolution (1) On consideration of the resolution (1) On motion to Suspend the Rules and Concur in the Senate Amendment (1) On motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended (1) On motion to agree to Senate amendments with amendments (1) On motion to change the convening time (1) On motion to limit debate (1) On motion to postpone consideration (1) On motion to postpone consideration of the veto message (1) On motion to refer the Resolution (1) On motion to strike the enacting clause (1) On motion to suspend the rules and pass (1) On motion to suspend the rules and pass, as amended (1) On motion to table (1) On motion to table the appeal of the ruling of the Chair (1) On ordering the previous question (1) On sustaining the ruling of the Chair (1) On the Motion to Postpone (1) On the Question of Consideration (1) Ordering the Previous Question On Motion to Refer (1) Ordering the previous question on the motion to refer (1) Passage, objections of the President Notwithstanding (1) Rangel of New York Substitute Amendment (1) Recommit Conference Report With Instructions (1) Recommit conference report with instructions (1) Second Portion of the Divided Question [Amendment 2] (1) Second Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Strike Sections 406(b) and (c) (1) Seventh Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Add a Section 704 (1) Sixth Portion of the Divided Question, Proposing to Amend Section 702 (1) Spratt Substitute Amendment (1) Stenholm Substitute Amendment (1) Supend the Rules and Agree, As Amended (1) Suspend Rules Agree to Conference Report (1) Suspend Rules and Agree to S Adt to House Adts (1) Suspend Rules and Agree to Senate Amendments (1) Suspend Rules and Pass (1) Suspend the Rules and Agree, as amended (1) Suspend the Rules and Concur in Senate Amendments (1) Suspend the Rules and Pass, as amended (1) Suspend the Rules and concur in the Senate Amendment (1) Suspend the Rules and pass (1) Suspend the rules and Agree to Senate Amendment (1) Sustain the ruling of the chair (1) Sustaining Ruling of the Chair (1) Table Appeal from the Ruling of the Chair (1) Table Motion to Discharge Committee (1) Table Motion to Instruct Conferees (1) Table appeal from ruling of chair (1) Table appeal from ruling of the chair (1) Table motion to reconsider ordering previous question (1) Table the Motion to Reconsider (1) Third Portion of the Divided Question [Amendment 3] (1) Traficant of Ohio Amendment (1) Will The House Now Consider The Bill (1) Will the House Consider the Bill (1) Will the House now Consider the Resolution (1) Will the House now consider the bill (1) agree to senate amendment with an amendment (1) on Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree, as Amended (1) on agreeing to the amendment, as amended (1) shall the use of an exhibit be permitted (1) sustain ruling of the chair (1) table appeal from ruling of the chair (1) table appeal of the ruling of the chair (1)
PN 1078 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 889 · 2026-08-08 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 1078 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 888 · 2026-08-08 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 73011 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 884 · 2026-08-07 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 73011 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 880 · 2026-08-05 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 932 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 879 · 2026-08-05 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 932 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 878 · 2026-08-05 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 1092 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 870 · 2026-07-28 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 1092 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 869 · 2026-07-27 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9995 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 868 · 2026-07-23 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9996 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 867 · 2026-07-23 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9996 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 865 · 2026-07-22 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9995 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 864 · 2026-07-22 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9993 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 863 · 2026-07-22 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9993 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 862 · 2026-07-22 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9381 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 861 · 2026-07-22 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 8518 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 860 · 2026-07-21 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9381 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 859 · 2026-07-20 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 8518 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 857 · 2026-07-16 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9304 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 856 · 2026-07-15 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9304 — On the Cloture Motion Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 855 · 2026-07-15 · Cloture Motion Agreed to Nay PN 9382 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 853 · 2026-07-14 · Nomination Confirmed Nay PN 9303 — On the Nomination Senate · 119th Congress · Roll 852 · 2026-07-13 · Nomination Confirmed Nay